Buildings depending on the nation would be tricky. Example: There is a wonder "Michelangelo's Chapel" (yet another non-neutral name), and an [effect_cathedral] in effects.ruleset, which in essence renders all cathedrals as redundant. IOW, you can sell all cathedrals if you hope to keep this wonder for many turns. And what should happen if nation A conquers a city of nation B, when A and B have different religious buildings?
The temple issue should be easy, it's a neutral name for an ancient religious building. Same idea as colosseum, an ancient building instead of, say, a modern cinema. But a "cathedral" is certainly not neutral.

In theory everything saying "cathedral" now (in various ruleset files) could be copied into "masjid", and players could then build what they like better. Mutually exclusive, otherwise folks would build both for a double effect.